Refraction

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Refraction is the bending of light rays when passing between two transparent media with different densities (for instance, water and air). This occurs because the speed of light is slower in more dense media.

Refraction is controlled by Snell's Law, which states:

\frac{\sin \theta_i}{\sin \theta_t} = \frac{n_2}{n_1}

where θi is the angle between the incident ray and the surface normal; θt is the angle between the transmitted ray and the (reversed) surface normal; and n1,n2 are the indices of refraction of the two media (where the ray is transmitting from medium 1 to medium 2).

For more information, see Wikipedia: Refraction (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction).

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